Publication Policy

Copyright Policy	Open-access Policy
Submission Policy	AI Usage Policy
Plagiarism Policy	Waiver Policy
Refund Policy	Deposit Policy / Archiving Policy

Copyright Policy

Copyrights for articles are retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal/publisher. Authors have rights to reuse, republish, archive, and distribute their own articles after publication. The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. Authors shall permit the publisher to apply a DOI to their articles and to archive them in databases and indexes such as EBSCO, DOAJ, and ProQuest.

Open-access Policy

We follow the Gold Open Access way in journal publishing. This means that authors publish in the journals that provide immediate open access for readers to all articles on the publisher’s website. The readers pay nothing, while authors (or their institutions or funders) pay a Article Processing Charge (Formatting and Hosting) to maintain the journal operation.

All articles published are open-access articles distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY 4.0).

Submission Policy

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the authorities responsible where the work was carried out. However, we accept submissions that have previously appeared on preprint servers (for example: arXiv, bioRxiv, Nature Precedings, Philica, Social Science Research Network, and Vixra); have previously been presented at conferences; or have previously appeared in other “non-journal” venues (for example: blogs or posters). Authors are responsible for updating the archived preprint with the journal reference (including DOI) and a link to the published articles on the appropriate journal website upon publication.

AI Usage Policy

Our publication permits the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools by authors for the purposes of research assistance, data analysis, and language enhancement in the preparation of their manuscripts. However, it is mandatory that authors provide transparent disclosure within the manuscript regarding the nature and extent of the involvement of AI tools in the content generation process.

Authors retain full responsibility for ensuring the accuracy, integrity, and originality of their work. Consequently, AI tools shall not be recognized or listed as co-authors in any submission.

In order to maintain adherence to the highest ethical standards, our journals reserve the right to reject any submissions in which the use of AI tools is not adequately disclosed or is deemed inappropriate.

Plagiarism Policy

The publisher and journals have a zero-tolerance plagiarism policy. We check the issue using two methods: a plagiarism prevention tool (iThenticate) and a reviewer check. All submissions will be checked by iThenticate before being sent to reviewers.

We insist a rigorous viewpoint on the self-plagiarism. The self-plagiarism is plagiarism, as it fails to contribute to the research and science.

Waiver Policy

If a paper is accepted for publication, authors will be asked to pay an Article Processing Charge (Formatting and Hosting). Please find payment information at: http://payment.macrothink.org

Waiver policy is only applicable for editorial members of this journal, who can get free publication for one article per year.

Refund Policy

We implement a reasonable refund policy based on the publishing status.

- Fully refund: before online publication

- No refund: after online publication

Deposit Policy / Archiving Policy

We follow Sherpa/Romeo‘s green archiving policy. Both pre-print and post-print or publisher’s version/PDF can be archived, without restrictions.